Container and hood cap therefor



Dec. 17, 1929. I c. ELLIIS 1,739,581

CONTAINER AND HOOD CAP THEREFOR Original Filed May :5. 1926 CARLETON EL\..\S

, INVENTOR.

A TTORNE Y.

Patented Dec. 17, 1929 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CARLETON ELLIS, OIIONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY,'ASSIGNOR TO' ELLIS-FOSTER COMPANY, A CORPOBATIONNEW JERSEY CONTAINER AND HOOD CAP THEREFOR Ap lication and m a, 1926,SerialNo. 106,575. Renewed December. a1, 1928.

This invention relates to containers and to hood caps therefor, andrelates particularly to bottles, the mouth or rim of which is coveredand protected by a cap of paper or other fibrous material containing awaxy component of relatively high melting point.

' My invention is concerned especially with containers of the milkbottle type such as those having a ledge or seat in the mouth thereof toreceive a paper disc, serving as a stopper. Around the mouth of bottlesclosed in this manner I employ a hood cap, preferably of paper, suchhood cap containlng plastic material comprising wax of high meltingpoint serving as abinder and stifl'ening agent. The composition of thehood cap material is such that when heated to a temperature above themelting point of the binder constituents, the paper becomes very plasticand may be pressed around the flange or rim of the bottle, therebyproducing a seal which not onlykeeps out dirt and dust and othercontamination, but also provides an indicator, as it were, which showsthe consumer- 2 whether or not the contents of the bottle have beentampered with in any manner.

In the drawings which are of a conventional diagrammatic character,there is shown by way of illustration, in Figure 1, an elevation partlyin section of a milk bottle provided with a hood cap; in Figure 2, aperspective view of a fluted hood cap; in Fig:

- ure 3, a portion of a bottle having such cap crimped thereon; and inFigure 4, a trans- 5 verse sectionthrough a cap showing portions thereoffolded over.-

In certain co-pending applications I have specified the employment ofcarnauba wax, Montan wax, candelilla wax, shellac wax, and similar waxesof high melting point as binders for hood caps, the wax being applied bydip mixture of t e wax, or spraying the wax in a molten state ontothe-walls of the cap.

In. the present invention I employ emulsions of such high melting waxesas for example, carnauba wax, and I may in one form of the inventionintroduce such wax emulsion or dispersion into the, paper pulp at somestage prior to its formation into a sheet or ing the shaped cap into amolten web. Thus, for example, the wax emulsion may be added to the pulpin the beater en-.

' gine.

A second form of the invention involves the spraying of a wax emulsiononto the paper material after it has been sheeted. In some cases, thisapplication of the wax emulsion may be carried out on a part of thesheet, as 'for example, on one side or a layer of the sheet, as it isbeing formed in the paper make .ing machine and other layers of paperpulp superposed thereon, giving a finlshed sheet which has one or morelayers of the wax emulsion or dispersion extending throughout thelength-and breadth of said sheet.

Since, however, a very decided binding and setting action is required tohold the cap firms ly in place on the mouth of the bottle, I prefer touse a much larger quantity of wax than would be present if suchtreatment to form layers of wax only in the interior of the sheet werecarried out. Preferably, therefore, I disseminate through the entiremass of the pulp or sheet fine particles of the carnauba wax or otherhigh meltin point wax. 76

When such a substantia proportion of wax is present, the paper when hotis readily mo dable and plastic, so that it may be shaped around themouth of the bottle, and on cooling will harden to form a stiff firmseal or so cover, which cannot be. dislodged without rupturingsufiioiently to indicate tampering, if such has occurred.

A hood cap for milk bottles should contain only substances of a hygienicand sanitary character, free from unpleasant odors and the like. Thehigh melting p'o'lnt waxes aforesaid are satisfactory in this respect.They have other distinct advantages, as for 7 example, they do not stickto the walls of the bottle, but tend to peel from the surface thereof,as I have shown in my co-pending applications. The solidification pointis high enough so that the rays of the sun striking on the capped bottlewill not render the cap plastic and cause it to spring away from thesidesof the bottle.

The emulsion of the wax may be prepared in various ways, as for example,by heating the wax above the melting point'with water binder.

The use therefore of paraflin wax for waterproofin the hood cap does notbecome necessary, a though a small amount of paraflin wax may be-used insome cases to act as a:

lubricant is drawing the paper through dies to shape into ramekin or cuform.

In other cases the carnau a wax in emulsion form, and preferably themilled wax, that is, the highly dispersed wax obtained by means'ofthecolloid mill, may be sprayed onto an absorptive aper sheet after saidsheet has been comp eted on thepaper machine. The highl dispersed waxwill penetrate quite readi y into absorptive aper, waterproofin it andadding a su cient amount of t e high melting point wax to serve as abinding agent when the paper is ap lied to the mouth of bottles, asaforesaid. y either of these Proceduresemploying -the emulsifiedordispersed wax- I obtain an ture of the paper is uniform, that is, thewax effect different from that secured by dipping thehood cap intomolten wax. The entire texapplied by the emulsion procedure and especialy when such emulsion is em loyed in the beater en 'ne, uniformly distriuted or disseminat throu h the tissue. When such paper material is 'apliedas a cap'to the mouth of a bottle and allowed to 0001 from a plasticto a solid unyielding cover the stresses or strains which are likely tobe set up when wax is a plied in other ways are not likely to obtainunder the presentinvention, so that a firm capping efiect is secured,and moreover, the cap on standing is less likely to loosen slightly andthus rotate about the rim of the bottle. 7

- Preferably product s tending to loosen slightl in this manner so thatrotation is vpossib e', are not desired. The cap preferabl should have avery mild adhesion to the wa ls or rim of the bottle, so that aconsiderdering pre erably able twist with thehand is necessary in order-to loosen the cap. However, the adhesion should not be so meat thatparticles of wax or paper stick to t e walls of the bottle in anyobipctionable degree.

aper sheet made in accordance with the present inventionv preferably iscalendered afterleavin the pagr machine, suchcalen ing ata-temperaturesufficient to soften the wax and render. the

-sheet lasticin order to furtherenhance the distri ution of the wax. andcompress the milled wax particles into intimate contact with the fibresconstituting the paper, and

in order to build up a thicker sheet. Preferably the paper raw materialis sulphite pulp,

or a mixture of ground wood and sulphite pulp. Usually a proportion of 1part of ground wood to 3 parts of sulphite pulp is desired, but, in somecases, the proportions may be reversed, that is, 3 parts of ground woodmay be used to 1 part of the sulphite pulp. In other cases a mixture ofap roximately equal parts ground wood and 'su phite pulp may be used.The employment of woodpulp, such as that made by the sulphate process,and also the use of other fibrous materials adapted for makinglsheet'edmaterial is within the province of t e present invention. In some casesthe beating of the stock may be carried out to a rather protracteddegreein order to produce a considerable proportion of hydrocellulose,acting as a fixatlve to hold the wax dispersion in the texture of thepaper. In other'cases hydrocellulose separately made may be ad ed insuch quantity as is desired.

With respect to the palpsr sprayed with the wax dispersion it is to expeted that the distribution of the wax thereixi will not be as uniform asthat in the case of the paper material made in the beater engine withthe addition of the wax dispersion thereto.

However, the invention contemplates treat-' mentin both ways in so faras concerns the broad idea of employing an emulsion or dispersion ofhigh melting (point wax to;yield a paper adapted for hoo capsasaforesaid.

Other substances such as resins 'or softer waxes, and the like, may beadded to these hard waxes provided such additions do not alter theessential characteristics of said hard waxes. In cappin milk bottles itis impora tent that setting ta es place rapidly, usual] only a fewseconds being allowed in whic the heated disc or cap is applied to thebot--..

tle and must set to a rigid state. The addition'of such substances as aconsiderable proportion of araflin wax or rosin may cause stikiness, foumg of the bottle, or" failure toset with suflicient rapidityr Suchaddimy co-pending applications ts'suchas rosin size dispersion. Such waxmay-be setwith alum or other appropriate setting may be used tb nauba orother-hard wax an the rosin in We area M tions as are contemplated hereare 'set forth wax emulsion may be added engine at the start of thebeating operation introduced into the beater engine separately. Forexample, thehi h melting point to the beater be added and at the closerosin size may In some and set with alum and the like.

cases the waxis first set by adding calcium chloride, aluminum sulphate,or other setting agent and the rosin size then introduced and duly set.The treatment of the paper pulp first with rosin size and afterwardswith the high melting point wax dispersion also .is not precluded.

The waste or scrap obtained in cutting the discs or sections of thepaper which are to be formed into hood caps may be utilized byintroducing in small quantities into the beater engine along1 with'freshpaper pulp. In some cases t e scrap may be digested with dilutesulphuric or b drochloric acid to liberate the wax and ena le it to bere-emulsified and dispersed. The latter procedure may take place in thepresence of the fibre normally in the scrap, or if desired, the wax mabe extracted from a part or the whole of sucli fibrous material.

An emulsion made from 100 parts by weight of carnauba wax, 100 parts ofwater, 20 parts stearic acid and 2.8 parts caustic soda, all heated to90 C. and agitated violently, yielded a good emulsion. A mixture ofequalparts by weight (dry weight) of sulphitepulp and ground wood, 20parts al-v together, suspended in 400 parts of water wasagitated at atemperature of 90 C. with 40 parts of the foregoing wax emulsion. Asheet wasiformed from this material and this was calendered, first coldand then hot. So large a proportion of wax was introduced in this mannerthat the sheet was veryplastic when hot. However, the fibres of thesheet were so surrounded with wax that the tensile strength was nothigh. It is proposed therefore to employ proportions of the carnauba waxemulsion of lesser quantity to obtain stronger paper. Thus, instead of40 parts there maybe used 30'parts, 20 parts, or even 10 parts of saidemulsion. As the proportion of the emulsion is reduced, rosin size, whenused, preferably is increased iriamount.

In another case a mixture of equal parts of sulphite pulp and groundwood was emulsified with a dispersion of Montan wax. The sheet, formedfrom this material was calendered at a temperature of'90 C.

In the case of both the carnaubaand the Montan wax paper the caps shapedinto place on the bottle mouth when the paper was plastic from heating.were firmly and effectively attached, moreover;,';- on stripping thepaper away from the rim'ofthe bottle, did not leave any matter adheringto the glass.

A milled carnauba wax dispersion may-be made as follows potassium oleateis introduced into a colloid mill and issues from the mill as a liquidcontaining the wax in good Brownian movement. 7

A dispersion is obtained in this manner which has the property ofincorporating with fibre effectively and also when-sprayed on porousabsorptive paper of being readily taken up by the latter, penetratinginto the pores of the paper in a notable degree. Milled carnauba wax orother high-melting point milled waxes thus obtained are regarded asespecially desirable in producing a single ply sheet paper material hoodcap having an annular skirt. The incorporation in the fibres of thepaper of such milled deposited wax yields a non-fouling, quick-setting,hard, high-melting avoids a coating of wax on the skirt surface, and theinvention therefore comprises a bottle container having an enlargedmouth portion in combination with a single ply sheet paper materialannular skirted hood cap point binder and posited or precipitated in thepaper instead of, for example, dipping the skirt of the cap in moltenbinder (carnauba, or other highmelting point waxes) is that wax is notex osed on the surfacev of the skirt portion when the preferred form ofthe present invention is utilized. l urthcrmore,the wax binder in theupper part of the 'cap (top) assists in overcoming the spring of skirt.Stiff paper, when molded against the bottle mouth, will, especially whenexposed to a moist atmos: phere, tend to open or expand and thus springaway from the bottle walls. This may be in part attributed to thedilference in water resistance of the top of the cap from the moreheavily wax-coated skirt. By having the composition ofthe paper uniformthroughout, as may be accomplished by the present invention, suchstresses are much less likely to be in evidence.

' The foregoing, however, does not preclude the applicationto hood capsmade in accordance with the preferred form of the present invention, ofa coating of wax or other binder,

bent into cup or ramekin shape 4 should occasion arise when such dualstep'is "required.

Wax or other high-melting point binder binder remains in the pores ofthe paper sub-.

nally applied and impregnated. Incontrast.

thereto the deposited or precipitated wax constituting the'preferredform of the/pres.- ent invention. being substantially uniformlydistributed affords a result diiferent from that when the annular skirtof a hood ca is simply dipped in molten wax- Even w en the papermaterial contains a very high pro- I portion of such high-melting pointbinder, so

that when. hot and plastic and considerable pressure is applied to thecap' on the bottle mouth a small amount of the binder may ex ude underthe pressure applied and coat the paper at the point of such pronouncedcontact with the glass, it should nevertheless be observed that in themain the bulk of the stantially uniformly distributed, and that,

, therefore, the springing difliculties observed with hood caps of othertypes are very little in evidence.

By. theterm deposited as used herein, reference is made to wax which hasbeen thrown down or deposited from a suspension,

the groove ormed by the latter bein shown at D. E is the bindingmaterial, while at F such binder is shown as omitted as ex lained abovein connection with one phase 0 the invention.

What I claim is:--

1. A paper hood cap for bottles containing high-melting point,quick-settin wax uni.- formly deposited in the fibres t ereof andserving as a binder to permit the cap to be firmly molded about themouth of the bottle without employment of externally applied high-meltinpoint wax. 2. In com ination witha bottle havin enlarged mouth portion,of a single-ply s eet paper material annular-skirted non-sprigs ing hoodcap carrying a non-fouling, h

high-melting point, quick-setting binder comprising deposited waxincorporated in the fibers thereof substantially uniformly sln'rt of thecap carrying a binder containing carnauba wax and resin.

5. A paper hood cap containing'a wax unicontaining a considerableproportion of.

ground wood, said paper carrying a wax deposited in the fibers thereof.

7. A paper ca made from paper stock containing a considerable proportionof hydrocellulose, said pmr' carrying a hard wax deposited in the rsthereo 8. A hood ca made from paper containing a high melting point waxuniformly deposited in the fibers thereof, and set by treatment with asettingagent. Y

9. A hood cap made from paper containing milled carnauba wax' uniformlydeposited in the fibers thereof.

10. A container closure shaped by a drawing operation from papercontaining a wax uniformly deposited in the fibers thereof, in

amount sufiicient to and setting action.

11. A container closure shaped by a drawing operation and made of paperhaving wax introduced thereinto and su stantially uniformly incorporatedtherein.

12. A container closure shaped by a drawing operation and made of paperhaving incorporated thereinto wax introduced into the paper from anemulsified condition.

13. A container closure shaped by a drawin operation and made of papercarryin a substance acting as a die-lubricant during tedrawing'operatlon.

14. A container closure shaped by a draw-- i operation and made of papercarrying a su stance introduced in emulsified condition with the paperstock, said substance acting as a a diedubricant during the drawingoperation.

15. A drawn paper container closure containing a hydrocarbon lubricantintroduced in an emulsified state into the paper pulp from which theclosureis made. i

16. A drawn aper product containingfa hydrocarbon lu ncant introducedinan emulsified condition into the paper pulp from which the closure ismade.

' CARLETON ELLIS.

give a decided binding throughout the cap; said cap be' substantiallyfree from externally-appli and im v pregnated binder.

wax introduced in emulsified condition with 3. A skirted paper hood capcontaining a the paper stock in the condition of pulp, the skirt 0 theca carrying a binder containing ahardwaxan aresin. I

4. A skirted paper hood cap containing a wax introduced in emulsifiedcondition with the paper stock in'the condition of pulp, the

